GOA-IN THE SHADOW OF HIS COLONIAL LEGACY

GOA-IN THE SHADOW OF HIS COLONIAL LEGACY

For SanJai Velayudhan

Introduction:

Located on the west coast in the Konkan region, Goa is the smallest state of India. It is bounded by the state of Maharashtra, and Karnataka to the north, east and south while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast. Goa was part of India that was colonized by Europeans and also the last to be released and is best known in the world as the former Portuguese enclave on Indian soil. In the past it was known as Govapuri, Gomant or Aprant. The Arab sailors knew as Sindabur or Sandabur, and the Portuguese in Goa. During the Portuguese occupation, which acquired the adjective "Roman Pearl of Asia" and "East". About 77 miles (125 km) off the coast of Goa is dotted with beaches line. These beaches divide between North and South Goa beaches. Not surprisingly, also known as "Goa Dourada" or "Golden Sands Goa.

Despite the known world for its beaches clean and safe and rave parties, which also has a strong historical pedigree of its World Heritage monuments, old houses of worship such as temples, churches, etc. Thanks to the many domestic and foreign tourists to visit, especially for beach-tourism festival many do not take the time to see the sights history and culture. This combination of fun and culture that gave Goa its unique identity.

Brief History:

Although Goa perceptionally glory has partnered with the Portuguese occupation, its size before settlers. Reyes and other leaders of many Indian dynasties had made this small jewel glitter with royal pomp. In ancient literature, Goa has been known by several names, including Gomanta, Gomanchala, Gopakapattam, Gopakapuri, Govapuri, Govem and Gomantak. The Indian epic Mahabharata refers to the area now known as Goa, as Goparashtra or Govarashtra which means a nation of cowboys. Gopakapuri or Gopakapattanam are used in some ancient Sanskrit texts, and their names have been mentioned in other sacred Hindu texts like the Puranas and Harivansa Skanda. In the latter, Goa is also known as Gomanchala. Parashurambhoomi is a name that the region referred to in certain inscriptions and texts such as Puranas. In the third century before our era, Goa was known Aparantha, and is mentioned by Greek geographer Ptolemy. The Greeks referred to Goa as Nelkinda or Nelcynda the 13th century. Some other historic names of Goa are Sindapur, Sandabur and Mahassapatam.

The first reclamation of land in the region has been by the Brahmins Saraswat. This incident is also the basis of a popular theory Parents of Goa. This community is called Saraswati because its origin is associated with the river Saraswati, a river mythical mainly exists in the minds of the people of India since the Vedic period. According to legend, the river Saraswati dried and causing large-scale migration this group of Brahmins to all corners of India. A group of eighty-six families, now known as Saraswati Gaud settled along the Konkan coast, in and around Goa contemporary, somewhere around 1000 BC. According to Hindu legend the region is highly prevalent in India, South Parashurama (the warrior-scholar and an incarnation the god Vishnu) has thrown his ax into the sea and the sea god ordered back to the point of x, where it landed. The new plot of reclaimed land and became known as "Konkan" which means "piece of earth" or "corner of the earth" (Kona (corner) + kana (part)). This has been done to resolve those displaced. Saraswat Brahmins settled on three islands in the estuary of the river Mandovi and Zuari. The Mahabharata refers to as Goa or Goparashtra United Gomanta, "a nation of gray or nomadic tribes. Brahmanas were predominantly pastoral people and their property was worth cows.

The written history back to the Goa of the third century C., where he was part of the Maurya Empire, led by the famous Emperor Ashoka. It is famous for its eschewal of violence and the conversion to Buddhism after witnessing the bloodshed the battle of Kalinga (now the modern state of Orissa) in 261 BC.

Also, the region dominated by dynasties of the ancient Hindus Satavahanas, Yadav, Chalukyas of Badami, etc. These Rashtrakuta and Kadamba rulers patronized Buddhism, Brahmanism and Jainism, Kadamba etc. are credited with building the first settlement on the site of Old Goa in the mid-11th century. Kadamba ruled Goa for two and half centuries until its conquest by Mahmud Gavan, on behalf of his master Bahmani.

In the thirteenth century, the region fell under the influence of the Sultanate of Delhi. The Sultanate of Delhi had its place in Delhi and northern India, and therefore its political control over Goa was not strong enough. It may be apt to say that the order was abducted by the leaders of the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire & Rule Goa has been restored. Vijayanagara rulers held their influence on Goa for nearly 100 years, during which its ports were important landing facilities for Arabian horses have been expanded. The Mighty Vijayanagara Empire was taken to his heels after being attacked by a Muslim confederation. His defeat at the Battle of Talikota led to its destruction and the distribution of wealth among its winners. Goa passed to the Bahmani sultans of Gulbarga. In 1492, the United Bahmani divided into five kingdoms, namely Bidar, Berar, Ahmednagar, Bijapur and Golconda. One of the kingdoms, namely Bijapur (which was the capital of the territory) includes Goa and was led by Sultan Yusuf Adil Shah Khan.

The Portuguese

The territory of Goa increased from Muslim leaders in the hands of Portuguese in 1510, led by Albuquerque. In constant struggle for an occupied territory, Goa has always been valued for its ports and commercial assets. It seems that the Portuguese had control over it compared to other settlers. Ironically, it is the Portuguese of Goa, who gave his name. Before his arrival at the scene, or Goa or Gowapura Gove, was the only name of the port city near the mouth of Mandovi River. This was also the site where the Portuguese later built his capital, now known as conventional Old Goa Velha Goa.

The beginnings of Goa's political transformation began when the Portuguese explorer Basque da Gama landed in Calicut in Kerala 1498 ongoing. This discovery and the creation of a new sea route to India around the Cape of Good Hope, gave impetus to the Portuguese who wanted so much to exploit own benefit and profit. After the discovery of the sea route to India, da Gama, Goa and communications between Europe and other Indian cities began to grow. Basque Goods da Gama, was on his way back from the states to sixty times the purchase price, after deducting the cost of travel. This lucrative business has been captured by the Arabs by the Portuguese. However, when trade policy compulsions conquered myopia, exports from Goa, and has expanded to include black pepper, cinnamon, cardamom, Gujarati and Bengali fabric, Chinese furniture, wax, ginger and cloves. They were imported into Goa from other sources in the country and exported. Imports from of Portugal included wool and linen, groceries, alcohol and weapons and ammunition. Moreover, his mastery of the seas, and especially the lucrative spice trade was a great price coveted by the rival colonial powers.

The prosperity of Portugal and its operators could be ensured by establishing a trading post permanent. The inability of the Portuguese to make along the Malabar coast (controlled by the powerful Zamorin of Calicut) in India encouraged to try his luck north along the coast. In 1510, the Portuguese Admiral Alfonso de Albuquerque attacked Goa, at the request of the local chief Thimayya. In 1510, under the command of Alfonso de Albuquerque, besieged Goa, then under Sultan Adil Shah of Bijapur. On February 17 he entered the city of Goa for the first time and met little resistance as the Sultan undertook with their forces elsewhere. Sultan Adil Shah soon came after him with a vengeance and May 23, 1510 Alfonso de Albuquerque, had to flee the city of Goa. Determined win for the good, Alfonso de Albuquerque made another attempt a few months later. This time, the timing could not have been more than perfect. Sultan Adil Shah had dead and the heir to the throne was the infant Ismail Adil Shah. Tan, Goa was won by Albuquerque, because it was the right place at the right time.

The Portuguese established a permanent base in Goa in their efforts to control the spice trade which is now called Velha Goa or Old Goa. The former Secretariat building in Panaji, is a former Adil Shahi Palace later taken over by the Portuguese Viceroys as their official residence. It is symbolic transfer of power. The territories of Ilhas, Salcette, Mormugao and Bardez formed part of Portugal "Velhas Conquest" or Old conquests, and is only a fifth of the total area of modern Goa. At this time, Goa became the jewel of the Empire East of Portugal. Goods from all parts of this has been shown in different bazaar and streets were reserved for sale for different classes of property, Bahrain and coral beads, Chinese porcelain and silk, velvet and cloth Portuguese, drugs and spices of the Malay archipelago.

Goa has become the basis for conquest of Malacca by Albuquerque (1511) and Hormuz (1515). Albuquerque, destined to be a colony and a naval base, unlike fortified factories established in some ports India. Goa became the capital of the Portuguese Vice-Kingdom in Asia, and other Portuguese possessions in India, Malaya and other bases in Indonesia, East Timor, in the Persian Gulf, Macau in China and commercial bases in Japan have been under the sovereignty of his viceroy. In the mid-16th century, the area under occupation has expanded the boundaries more current.

In 1843 the capital was moved to Panjim in Goa Velha. After India gained its independence from Britain in 1947, Portugal refused to negotiate with India on the transfer of sovereignty of the enclaves of India. On 12 December 1961, the Indian army began Operation Vijay that results in the annexation of Goa, Daman and Diu in the Indian Union. Goa, Daman and Diu was made a centrally administered Union Territory of India. On 30 May 1987, the Territory Union split, and Goa in India was at its twenty-fifth state, with Daman and Diu remaining Union Territories.

The architecture of Goa is a combination of Indian Affairs, Mughal and Portuguese styles. Since the Portuguese ruled for four centuries, many churches and homes have a characteristic remarkable Italian Renaissance architecture Fantastic generally based on the architectural details of the churches surrounding the city skyline. The Portuguese influence and local strains have also created a cultural mix that is different from the rest of India. Western and regional cultural mix has led to a unique blend of different religions and cultures in the state. The music and dance festival Mel Shigmo means unity in diversity. Shigmo addition, festivals such as Ganesh Chaturthi (Chavoth-Konkani), Diwali, Christmas, Easter, Samsar Padva, and Carnival are celebrated by people of Goa. Goa is also known for its celebrations of Year New. The carnival of Goa is known for attracting many tourists. As a legacy of its colonial history unusual Goa has also inherited a mix of languages. Portuguese is still spoken as a second language by an Goans years, even if he is dying slowly. Konkani is now recognized as official state language and Marathi is taught as a standard topic. Finally, Goa is much more than beaches. A real tourist should explore its history, both for-profit, shaken but not stirred!

© SanJai velayudhan

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About the Author

A behavioural trainer by education and a loyalty specialist by profession, Sanjai has PG qualifications in Training and Performance management from CLMS, University of Leicester.

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